No, ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is not a mood disorder. It is officially classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
What is ADHD?
ADHD is a brain-based condition that affects a person’s ability to regulate attention, behavior, and emotions. It typically begins in childhood and can persist into adolescence and adulthood. The core symptoms include:
- Inattention (e.g., difficulty focusing, forgetfulness)
- Hyperactivity (e.g., restlessness, fidgeting)
- Impulsivity (e.g., interrupting others, acting without thinking)
What is a Mood Disorder?
Mood disorders are mental health conditions that primarily impact a person’s emotional state. The most common mood disorders include:
- Major Depressive Disorder (Depression) – characterized by persistent sadness, low energy, and loss of interest.
- Bipolar Disorder – involves extreme mood swings between depressive and manic (high-energy) states.
ADHD vs. Mood Disorders: Key Differences
| Feature | ADHD | Mood Disorder |
|---|---|---|
| Classification | Neurodevelopmental disorder | Mental/emotional disorder |
| Primary Symptoms | Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity | Depressed or elevated mood, energy shifts |
| Onset | Usually begins in early childhood | Can develop at any age |
| Mood Symptoms | May struggle with emotional regulation, but not core to diagnosis | Core component of diagnosis |
Can ADHD and Mood Disorders Occur Together?
Yes. People with ADHD are at higher risk of developing mood disorders, such as depression or anxiety. This is known as comorbidity. Emotional dysregulation — difficulty managing feelings — is common in ADHD and can sometimes look like a mood disorder, but it’s not the same.
That’s why a comprehensive mental health evaluation is essential to distinguish between the two or identify if both are present.
When to Seek Help
If you or someone you know is struggling with focus, hyperactivity, mood swings, or persistent sadness, it’s important to speak with a mental health professional. An accurate diagnosis leads to more effective treatment and better quality of life.
Summary:
No, ADHD is not a mood disorder. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects attention, hyperactivity, and impulse control. Mood disorders, like depression or bipolar disorder, primarily affect emotional states. However, ADHD can co-occur with mood disorders, making proper diagnosis important.